Category: Chromogenic monopack▼×
- All Categories
- Bibliography
- Chromolytic multilayer
- Color separation
- Double-coated / bi-pack
- Edge Codes and Identification
- Hand coloring
- Other
- Printing / dye-transfer
- Printing / pigment process
- Screen processes
- Spatial synthesis (multiple lenses, beam splitter)
- Stencil coloring (pochoir, Pathécolor)
- Temporal synthesis (rotary filters)
- Theory
- Tinting
- Toning
“One of the most elegant solutions to the problem of forming a colored image, lies in the utilization of the products formed by the action of the developer upon the latent image. By this means there is formed a dye image whose intensity follows ...
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Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 161.
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“In 1930 Mannes and Godowsky were invited to join the staff of the Kodak Research Laboratory, where they concentrated on methods of processing multilayer films, while their colleagues worked out ways of manufacturing them. The result was the new Kodachrome film, launched in 1935. Three very thin emulsion layers were coated on film base, the emulsions being sensitised with non-wandering dyes to red, green and blue light, the red-sensitive layer being at the bottom.” (Coe, Brian (1978): Colour Photography. The First Hundred Years 1840-1940. London: Ash & Grant, pp. 121 ff.)
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Credit: Lichtspiel / Kinemathek Bern. Film: New York, Taufe und Ausflug (CH 1954, Donald Brun).
- Surface emulsion side, raking light. Credit: Carsta Knaack, HTW Berlin. Film: Regular 8mm home movie, anonymous 1975.
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“The New Agfacolor Process;
Agfa Ansco Corp., Binghamton, N. Y.
A survey of the history of monopack or multilayer photographic color processes is given, including the coloring methods of greatest importance at the present time. These are: (a) ...
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Münchhausen (Josef von Báky, Germany 1943). Credit: Bundesarchiv Filmarchiv and Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Stiftung. Photographs of the Agfacolor safety print (acetate) by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Opfergang (GER 1944, Veit Harlan), magnification. Credit: Print from the Filmmuseum Düsseldorf. © Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation, Wiesbaden. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Paper print. Source: Serda, Charlott (1941): Das Farbfoto-Buch vom Film. Breitkopf & Härtel: Leipzig.
- Parade (1960). Credit: Harvard Film Archive, Brandon Film Library Collection, item no. 14303. Photographs of Agfacolor negative on Orwocolor reversal print by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Parade (1960). Credit: Harvard Film Archive, Brandon Film Library Collection, item no. 14303. Photographs of Agfacolor negative on Orwocolor reversal print by Barbara Flueckiger.
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Although Kodachrome 16mm reversal film was introduced as an amateur film format, rapidly after its introduction it became a format frequently used by (semi-)professional film makers. The reason was that Kodachrome was a relatively easy to use film ...
Duplicating stock for reversal film. Replaced Kodachrome duplicating stock type 5262. Contrary to its predecessor the new stock was not suited as camera material. Type 5265 could only be used for duplication.
For more information on the Agfacolor process see the detail page Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.
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Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Jan Roháč z Dubé (Czechoslovakia 1947, Vladimír Borsky).
- Faded Agfacolor period nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Jan Roháč z Dubé (Czechoslovakia 1947, Vladimír Borský).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Jan Roháč z Dubé (Czechoslovakia 1947, Vladimír Borsky).
- Faded Agfacolor period nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Jan Roháč z Dubé (Czechoslovakia 1947, Vladimír Borský).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Jan Roháč z Dubé (Czechoslovakia 1947, Vladimír Borsky).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Kvítí z Čech (Czechoslovakia 1947, dir. Václav Jan Staněk).
- Agfacolor positive nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Kvítí z Čech (Czechoslovakia 1947, dir. Václav Jan Staněk).
- Agfacolor positive nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Kvítí z Čech (Czechoslovakia 1947, dir. Václav Jan Staněk).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Mistr třeboňský (Czechoslovakia 1950, dir. František Kudláč).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Mistr třeboňský (Czechoslovakia 1950, dir. František Kudláč).
- Agfacolor positive nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Mistr třeboňský (Czechoslovakia 1950, dir. František Kudláč).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Praha v říjnu (Czechoslovakia 1945, dir. František Sádek).
- Faded Agfacolor period nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Praha v říjnu (Czechoslovakia 1945, dir. František Sádek).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Praha v říjnu (Czechoslovakia 1945, dir. František Sádek).
- Agfacolor B original negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Zasadil dědek řepu (Czechoslovakia 1945, dir. Jiří Trnka).
- Agfacolor positive nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Zasadil dědek řepu (Czechoslovakia 1945, Jiří Trnka).
- Agfacolor positive nitrate print. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Zasadil dědek řepu (Czechoslovakia 1945, Jiří Trnka).
- Credit: By courtesy of Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: 1/50 Sekunde, commercial for Niggemeyer Foto/Kino (1952).
- Schmidt, Richard / Kochs, Adolf (1943): Farbfilmtechnik. Eine Einführung für Filmschaffende. Berlin: Hesse, pp. 77-98. (Schriftenreihe der Reichsfilmkammer, 10.) (in German) [quote cite='35875']
- Schmidt, Richard / Kochs, Adolf (1943): Farbfilmtechnik. Eine Einführung für Filmschaffende. Berlin: Hesse, pp. 77-98. (Schriftenreihe der Reichsfilmkammer, 10.) (in German) [quote cite='35875']
- Schmidt, Richard / Kochs, Adolf (1943): Farbfilmtechnik. Eine Einführung für Filmschaffende. Berlin: Hesse, pp. 77-98. (Schriftenreihe der Reichsfilmkammer, 10.) (in German) [quote cite='35875']
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Agfacolor Negative type G was a chromogenic camera negative balanced for Tungsten illumination.
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Original Agfacolor negative G. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Neposlušný zajíček (German title Klein, aber Oho!, Horst von Möllendorff, Czechoslovakia 1944).
- Schmidt, Richard / Kochs, Adolf (1943): Farbfilmtechnik. Eine Einführung für Filmschaffende. Berlin: Hesse, pp. 77-98. (Schriftenreihe der Reichsfilmkammer, 10.) (in German) [quote cite='35875']
- Schmidt, Richard / Kochs, Adolf (1943): Farbfilmtechnik. Eine Einführung für Filmschaffende. Berlin: Hesse, pp. 77-98. (Schriftenreihe der Reichsfilmkammer, 10.) (in German) [quote cite='35875']
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During the 1940s Kodachrome was used as camera material for films that were blown up to 35mm Technicolor projection prints. Technicolor used this technology from 1942 until the mid-1950s when Eastman Kodak introduced the Eastmancolor ...
For more information on the Agfacolor chromogenic process see Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.
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Agfacolor B negative on Agfacolor positive. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Tábor (Oldřich Mirad, Czechoslovakia 1953). Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
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Kodachrome Professional was introduced in 1942 to be used as camera material. It was the Kodachrome material that was blown up to 35mm Technicolor dye transfer prints, which was the Technicolor Monopack system.
According to Norris Pope this material ...
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Skleněné varhany (Stěklanna je garmonika, Andrej Chržanovskij, USSR 1968). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger
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In 1946 Kodachrome Commercial camera film Type 5268 was introduced. This stock had a lower-contrast emulsion and became leading in the professional field until it was replaced by Ektachrome Commercial type 7255 in 1958. Both Commercial Kodachrome and ...
“The Konicolor system, introduced by Konishiroku Shashin Kogyo (Now Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.), split the image into three colors and shot them separately onto three b&w films. In that sense it had something in common with the US ‘Technicolor system’, but this was not a contact print with color dye to create positive film, but used coated emulsion to develop each color in a triple process, which is peculiar. […].”
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No masking in the negative. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany).
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Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.
- Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.
- Source: Sease, V. B. (1949): DuPont's New Color Film. In:American Cinematographer, 30: 240, 257-258.
- Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Sease, V. B. (1949): DuPont's New Color Film. In:American Cinematographer, 30: 240, 257-258.
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“The Fujicolor process is a three-color subtractive negative/positive process introduced in 1955 by the Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
When the process was introduced it consisted of two elements that could be used singly or together. ...
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Don't Look Now (GBR / ITA 1973, Nicolas Roeg). Credit: BFI National Film Archive. Photographs of the faded Fujicolor HP Positive Film Type 8813 by Joëlle Kost, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
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Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
- Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
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“The Eastman Colour Films are multilayer films of the type in which the layers are not separated after exposure. Films of this class are known as Multilayer, Monopack or Integral Tripack. “Multilayer” is descriptive not only of this ...
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Alien (USA 1979, Ridley Scott). Credit: Library of Congress. Photographs of the Eastman Color Print Film from 1979 by Joëlle Kost, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
- Photomicrograph of modern chromogenic stock, . Credit: Silvana Konermann.
- Eastman Color chromogenic monopack. Source: Craig, G.J. (1953): Eastman Colour Films for Professional Motion Picture Work. In: British Kinematography, 22,5, 1953, pp. 146-158.
- Color fading of Eastmancolor stock. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany). Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin: Springer.
- Color reconstruction by Rudolf Gschwind, University of Basel. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany).
- Color fading of Eastmancolor stock.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
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Not to be confused with the Eastman Color Print Film 5381 / 7381 from 1970.
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Ansco Color, positives of Ansco Color negative, ca. 1952. Credit: Gert Koshofer Collection. Sample No. 10. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer.
- Source: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers; ed. (1957): The Elements of Color in Professional Motion Pictures. Prepared by a special committee of the Society. Wilton R. Holm, chairman. New York: The Society.
- Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
- Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
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L stands for the Leverkusen brand of Agfacolor. N for negative, K for tungsten (Kunstlicht) and T for daylight (Tageslicht).
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Credit: By courtesy of Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: Commercial Denkt rechtzeitig daran (GER 1952).
- Credit: By courtesy of Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: 1/50 Sekunde, commercial for Niggemeyer Foto/Kino (1952).
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Cross section scheme of Eastman Color Type 5248. Scource: Hanson, W. T., Jr.; Kisner, W. I. (1953): Improved Color Films for Color Motion-Picture Production. In: Journal SMPTE, Vol. 61, Dec. 1953, p. 699.
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For more information on the Agfacolor chromogenic process see Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.
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Negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (Martin Frič, Czechoslovakia 1959).
- Negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (Martin Frič, Czechoslovakia 1959).
- Negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (Martin Frič, Czechoslovakia 1959).
- Negative. Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (Martin Frič, Czechoslovakia 1959).
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
- Princezna se zlatou hvězdou (CZE 1959, Martin Frič). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photographs of the Agfacolor B negative on Orwocolor positive by Barbara Flueckiger.
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Cross section scheme, Agfacolor Positive Type 5. Scource: Brune, Wolfgang (1955): Ein neues Agfacolor-Positivmaterial (Agfacolor-Positivfilm Typ 5).
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Timeline of Historical Film Colors by Barbara Flueckiger is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Quote as Flueckiger, Barbara (2012 ff.): Timeline of Historical Film Colors. (= https://filmcolors.org/).
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